2/20/2024 0 Comments Evolution of gtrCharacterization of seed-specific benzoyloxyglucosinolate mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transcriptome atlas of the Arabidopsis funiculus-a study of maternal seed subregions. Variation of glucosinolate accumulation among different organs and developmental stages of Arabidopsis thaliana. A rapid and non-destructive screenable marker, FAST, for identifying transformed seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana. The Arabidopsis thaliana AtSUC2 gene is specifically expressed in companion cells. A high-resolution root spatiotemporal map reveals dominant expression patterns. Arabidopsis mutants in the C-S lyase of glucosinolate biosynthesis establish a critical role for indole-3-acetaldoxime in auxin homeostasis. The Arabidopsis thaliana response regulator ARR22 is a putative AHP phospho-histidine phosphatase expressed in the chalaza of developing seeds. Amino acid export in developing Arabidopsis seeds depends on umamit facilitators. ![]() NRT/PTR transporters are essential for translocation of glucosinolate defence compounds to seeds. Export of defensive glucosinolates is key for their accumulation in seeds. Piecing together the transport pathway of aliphatic glucosinolates. Phloem loading and unloading of sucrose: what a long, strange trip from source to sink. A cascade of sequentially expressed sucrose transporters in the seed coat and endosperm provides nutrition for the Arabidopsis embryo. The long and winding road: transport pathways for amino acids in Arabidopsis seeds. Elucidation of the seed loading process of glucosinolates identifies barrier-specific targets for transport engineering strategies to eliminate or over-accumulate a specialized metabolite in seeds with minimal interruption of other cellular processes. Moreover, we propose that methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates are the predominant mobile form in seed loading. ![]() From here, the UMAMITs export them out of maternal tissue and ultimately, the GTRs import them into the embryo symplasm, where the seed-specific glucosinolate profile is established by enzymatic modifications. ![]() We propose a model in which UMAMITs export glucosinolates out of the biosynthetic cells to the apoplast, from where GTRs import them into the phloem stream, which moves them to the unloading zone in the chalazal seed coat. We find that UMAMIT exporters and GTR importers form a transporter cascade that is both essential and sufficient for moving glucosinolates across at least four plasma membrane barriers along the route. Here we dissect the transport route of glucosinolates from their source in the reproductive organ to the embryo by re-introducing the transporters at specific apoplastic barriers in their respective mutant backgrounds. Glucosinolate seed loading in Arabidopsis depends on plasma membrane localized exporters (USUALLY MULTIPLE AMINO ACIDS MOVE IN AND OUT TRANSPORTERs, UMAMITs) and importers (GLUCOSINOLATE TRANSPORTERs, GTRs), but the critical barriers in the seed loading process remain unknown. While the transport route into the seed is well established for primary metabolites, no model exists for any class of specialized metabolites that move from maternal source tissue(s) to embryo. Many plant species translocate maternally synthesized specialized metabolites to the seed to protect the developing embryo and later the germinating seedling before it initiates its own de novo synthesis.
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